ΠΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ. Π ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ½.
ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³Π»ΡΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ β ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ β Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ (Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°), Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ (Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ), ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ· Π·Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ, Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ β Π·Π°Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ Ρ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ, ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΎΡ
Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΊ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ , ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ° β ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π9, Π61 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π93 Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·, ΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅.
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π9 ΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ:
ΠΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΒ», Π³Π΄Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΠΠ-21 Β«ΠΠΎΠ»Π³Π°Β» Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΊΠ°Π½. ΠΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ, Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΉΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ (ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ), Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π ΡΠ°, ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
Π‘ΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ:
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ·Π΅Π», ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ, Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡ, Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. Β ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ (ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°).
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°, Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°), ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°.
ΠΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ KβLine, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
Π ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΠΉ (Π³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Ρ), Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°.Β
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ² Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Starline, Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅.
Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ, Π° Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½, ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΎΠΉ Valet. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ.
Π Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΈ Valet ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΅Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ». ΠΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ, Π° ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π΄Π° β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°. Β
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΡ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³Π°, ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°) ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΎΠΉ Valet ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Starline:
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ?
Π ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°.
Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π·Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°.
Π‘ΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌ.Β Β Β Β Β Β
ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ.
ΠΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π° Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎ, Π° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π³Π»ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Ρ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ (ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ) Π² ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΡ-ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΡ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ StarLine) ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΈΡΡΡ Β«ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΒ»:
ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠΎ 30% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ .
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ StarLine ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ Β«Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΡ 3. ΠΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ° 3 Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ° 1, Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ;
Π ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Valet ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 10-20 ΡΠ΅ΠΊ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ° (ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ, Π‘ΠΠ) Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
Π ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ 10 Π΄ΠΎ 20 ΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°.
ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ, Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ.ΠΏ. Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ½, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°. Π Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ, Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, Π½ΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° 3 ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ:
ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡ.Β ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ.
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ· ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π²Ρ ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ , ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ‘.ΠΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ
ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π° Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎ, Π° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π³Π»ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Ρ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π‘ΠΠ (ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ) Π² ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΡ-ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΡ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ StarLine) ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΈΡΡΡ Β«ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΒ»:
ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠΎ 30% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°Ρ .
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ StarLine ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ Β«Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΡ 3. ΠΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ° 3 Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ° 1, Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ;
Π ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Valet ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡ Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ. Β
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 10-20 ΡΠ΅ΠΊ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ° (ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ, Π‘ΠΠ) Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
Π ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ 10 Π΄ΠΎ 20 ΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°.
ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ, Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ.ΠΏ. Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅.
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Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
90000 keychain not working after El Capitan 90001 90002 OS X Mavericks v10.9.1- Repeated prompts to unlock «Local Items» keychain 90003 90002 90005 Tutorial: Resolving Keychain Issues 90006 90003 90002 90009 If you can not access your keychain 90010 90009, or forget your password 90010 If you can not get into your keychain file because you’ve forgotten your password or the keychain file appears to be corrupt, there are a couple of options. 90003 90002 First, if you’ve forgotten your password, you can use the «Keychain First Aid» utility to make the keychain password the same as the login password.This can be accomplished via the following process: 90003 90002 1. Open Keychain Access (located in Applications / Utilities) 90003 90002 2. Go to the «Keychain Access» menu and select «Preferences» 90003 90002 3. Click the «First Aid» tab 90003 90002 4. Make sure the «Synchronize login keychain password» box is checked 90003 90002 5. Close the Preferences window 90003 90002 6. Go to the «Keychain Access» menu and select «Keychain First Aid» 90003 90002 7. Enter your username and password 90003 90002 8.Click the «Repair» button 90003 90002 The second option is to completely delete your keychain then recreate it. This routine is useful if your keychain appears to be corrupt or otherwise inaccessible. This can be accomplished as follows: 90003 90002 1. Launch Keychain Access (located in Applications / Utilities) 90003 90002 2. Click «Show Keychains» in the lower-left corner of the window. 90003 90002 3. Select the problematic keychain from the left-hand pane. 90003 90002 4. Navigate to the «File» menu and select «Delete Keychain ‘(name of keychain)'» 90003 90002 5.Check all options for deletion and press «OK» 90003 90002 6. Create a new keychain by going to the «File» menu, then «New» and selecting 90003 90002 «New Keychain» 90003 90002 7. You can now make this keychain your default if you desire by selecting it, then 90003 90002 going to the «File» menu and selecting «Make ‘(name of keychain)’ Default» 90003 90002 90009 Login as root and perform repair 90010 In some cases, problems with keychains can only be resolved when logged in as the root user.90003 90002 First, you want to enable the root user: 90003 90002 1. OS X Mountain Lion: Enable and disable the root user 90003 90002 2. OS X Lion: Enable and disable the root user 90003 90002 3. Mac OS X 10.6: Enabling the root user 90003 90002 4. Enabling and using the «root» user in Mac OS X 90003 90002 After enabling the root user, and logging in under this account, again open Keychain Access. First attempt repairs using Keychain First Aid, and failing that, delete then recreate the keychain as described above while logged in as root.90003 90002 90009 Persistently asked for stored passwords 90010 If you are persistently asked for passwords in various applications that you have specified should be remembered in a keychain, your «login» keychain may not be active for one reason or another. 90003 90002 Navigate to ~ / Library / Keychains / (this is the Library folder inside your user’s home folder). Find the file named «login.keychain» and double-click it. 90003 90002 Failing that, select the «login» keychain within the Keychain Access application and make sure it is the default keychain by going to the «File» menu and selecting «Make ‘Login’ Default» 90003 90002 90009 Turn off Keychain synchronization in applications having problems 90010 If specific applications are experiencing issues when accessing password-protected material, the Keychain may be to blame.90003 90002 90009 The above comes from an article published on MacFixit.com 90010. 90003.90000 Keychain reset does not work 90001 90002 Can not reset my keychain. Just upgraded to Mavericks, had to restart for an iTunes update and everything went downhill from there. 90003 90002 dozens of applications ask for access to ‘local items’, my user password does not work and i tried a few other passwords that it might have been, but i know i used my user password before installing mavericks, but that’s not working . 90003 90002 Went online to try to find answers, got pointed to the ‘reset my default keychain’, clicked it and the program asked for the password for ‘local items’ keychain, tried my user password again, did not work.The ‘Login’ keychain is now gone completely, it disappeared. Clicking ‘reset my default keychain’ brings the popup ‘specified keychain could not be found’, so that will not work anymore. 90003 90002 Looked for some more answers, one pointed to deleting the keychain entirely, which i tried but the option to delete ‘local items’ is greyed out. 90003 90002 Attempted keychain first aid, it asks for a password to access ‘local items’. after trying my user password again, it did not work. now the first aid displays an error message every time i attempt a repair.here’s the text from my latest attempt: 90003 90002 90013 Repair started 90014 90003 90002 Checking keychain configuration for yousefshohayeb (user ID = 501) 90003 90002 Home directory is / Users / yousefshohayeb 90003 90002 Checked login keychain 90003 90002 Error: login keychain not found 90003 90002 Created a new empty «login» keychain. 90003 90002 Checked password for ~ / Library / Keychains / login.keychain 90003 90002 Checked settings for ~ / Library / Keychains / login.keychain 90003 90002 Settings for ~ / Library / Keychains / login.keychain may cause the keychain to be locked 90003 90002 Current values: lockOnSleep = yes, autoLock = 5 mins 90003 90002 Unable to change keychain settings (-128) 90003 90002 Checked default keychain 90003 90002 Checked contents of ~ / Library / Keychains / login. keychain 90003 90002 Warning: some problems were not fixed 90003 90002 90013 Repair failed 90014 90003 90002 after that, i restarted my computer, when i put my username to login to my account, i got asked to provide the keychain password for ‘local items’ .This happened while i was logging in and the computer refused to log into the account until i pressed the ‘cancel’ button. 90003 90002 Nothing is working, what do i do? 90003 90002 As a side note, i either want to unlock the ‘local items’ keychain or i want to stop messages from popping up, which i attempted and again hit the ‘local items’ password wall. I also can not check ‘allow user to reset password using Apple ID’ because the option is greyed out even after unlocking it to change items. 90003.90000 7 Simple Solutions To Fix A Car Key That Will not Turn In The Ignition 90001 90002 90003 90004 90002 Posted On 90006 90007 May 16, 2018 90008 90009 by 90006 Ralph 90009 90004 90002 So you are asking yourself, «my key will not turn in the ignition, what do I do?» The best thing to do is to keep everything simple. Below are simple solutions that you can use to solve the issue of a key that will not turn in your ignition.Some of the seemingly simple fixes can get complicated, so be sure to keep your eyes out for anything that increase the difficulty of your needed repair. 90004 90015 1. Turn the Steering Wheel 90016 90002 The most common reason that a car key will not turn is that the steering wheel has locked. This will happen when the steering wheel has been moved after the key has been removed from the ignition cylinder. 90004 90019 90020 Turn the steering wheel to the right and left. 90021 90020 Note what side the wheel can not be turned to, and the direction that has give.90021 90020 Pull the steering wheel in the direction that has give, and hold it there. 90021 90020 Turn the key toward the accessory position while keeping the steering wheel turned. 90021 90020 If nothing happens, rock the steering wheel as you turn the key. 90021 90020 If this does not work, rock the steering wheel as you jiggle the key in the ignition. 90021 90032 90002 You can mix and match with the methods of turning the wheel and moving the key. As soon as the key turns the steering wheel will unlock, and the car should start.If the key does not turn, then you may have a more severe issue. 90004 90015 2. Lubricate the Lock 90016 90002 A very prevalent cause when a car key will not turn in the ignition is that the keyway of the ignition cylinder is a little jammed up. Just lubricating the lock may be enough to solve your issue. You will say that WD40 is often the go-to example for lubrication of any kind, but I would not recommend it in this case. 90004 90002 It is a classic debate in both the locksmithing and the lock picking hobbyist community as to what the best lubricant is for locks, so at the risk of starting a controversy, I will recommend either using a silicon or graphite based lubricant.Essentially, you are looking for something that is not going to collect dust, grime, and particulates over time, which will eventually jam the lock’s internals to a greater degree. 90004 90002 You can use WD40 as long as you are going to be changing out the ignition cylinder after you turn the key successfully. When you are going to replace it anyway, it gunking up further over time does not matter. 90004 90019 90020 Gather your lubricant, key, and cloth. 90021 90020 Spray the lubricant into the keyway of the ignition cylinder.90021 90020 Wipe away the overspray or anything leaking from the keyhole. 90021 90020 Insert the key and turn it. 90021 90020 If this does not work, jiggle the key. 90021 90020 If this does not work, add more lubricant and repeat. 90021 90032 90002 In cases where this goes minutes without working, lubrication is not the answer when your car key will not turn in the ignition. 90004 90015 3. Rapping the Key 90016 90002 Beyond lubrication, you might need to try something more severe to unjam your lock.It is true that bump keys do not work on cars, but by using a hammer or a vibrating mechanism and your key that will not turn in the car, you might be able to solve your issue. This «rapping», if you will, is meant to shake internal components in the lock into the proper position. 90004 90002 Springs can get lost, or other small parts of the inside of the lock can get stuck. Where lubrication can fail to unstick or get things to move properly, you can shake things temporarily into positions, just in time to turn the key properly.90004 90002 The tool that you use does not need to be a hammer. It can be anything that can create a noticeable vibration that can be applied to the key and / or the cylinder. The idea is just to get the inside of the lock to move more than you could by shaking your key, car, or dashboard. 90004 90019 90020 Place your car key in the car’s ignition. 90021 90020 Use your tool on the key while trying to turn the key. 90021 90020 If this does not work, try to use your tool on the ignition cylinder.90021 90032 90002 Just be very difficult about the amount of force you use in this process as you could damage your key, the ignition, etc. If you are trying to hit your key hard enough to break a locking mechanism, operate with extreme caution as your desire to break things might be more successful than you intend. 90004 90015 4. Fix The Key 90016 90002 Sometimes the problem is with the key you are using, and addressing that particular point of failure is the only option for solving the issue when the ignition key will not turn.If the key is broken, all hope is not lost. Sometimes you can fix a broken key. This is not always the case but it is possible. 90004 90002 The most important part of this process is figuring why your car key is not working. This will then allow you to discover the many different ways the variety of complications can be solved. As long as you can get your key out when your car key will not turn in the ignition, you should be able to investigate the car key. 90004 90083 90020 Try a spare car key, and see if a different key will work.90021 90020 Compare the car key that will not turn in the ignition. 90021 90020 Look at the bitting on the blade of the key for any wear. 90021 90020 Examine for any twists, bends, or breaks. 90021 90092 90002 Fixing the key can actually be very simple, you just need to know what is wrong. If the issue is not clearly visible, assume there is something wrong with electronics. 90004 90015 5. Replace the Key 90016 90002 90098 90004 90002 The most simple fix when there is something wrong with your car key is to just replace the key.There is always a way to copy a broken key. No matter how the key is broken or whether this is something you do yourself or a task that you contract out, there is a solution. 90004 90002 There are several ways to approach this process. 90004 90002 In terms of how much it costs for car key duplication, the number will go up or down depending on how much you do yourself. Contacting your dealership being the most expensive option as it is the most obvious and requires no real time into research.Contacting a locksmith being the middle ground in terms of price, and handling all the work yourself being the cheapest option. 90004 90015 6. Replace the Ignition Cylinder 90016 90002 If the problem is not with your key, then the reason your car key will not turn in ignition might have to do with a faulty ignition cylinder. You will likely not have to replace the entire ignition assembly. And unless your car does not start when the key finally turned you will not even need to undergo ignition switch replacement.90004 90002 As long as you buy the proper ignition cylinder, ignition cylinder replacement does not have to be complicated. Make sure you are buying the right product for your make and model of vehicle, and understand that this process will leave you with an ignition key that is unique from your car door / trunk key. Rekeying will be necessary to remedy this issue. 90004 90019 90020 Turn your key to the accessory position 90019 90020 This can be done with some of the methods listed above (2 or 3, mainly).90021 90032 90021 90020 Find the locking pin on your ignition assembly. 90021 90020 Use a tool of the correct size to depress the lock pin. 90021 90020 Pull the old ignition cylinder lose. 90019 90020 You might need to shake the ignition cylinder loose or finesse it out of its housing. 90021 90032 90021 90020 Insert your new key into the new ignition cylinder. 90021 90020 Fit the new ignition cylinder into the housing. 90021 90020 Allow it to lock into place. 90021 90020 Remove your key.90021 90020 Test to see if the car will start and the key will will not turn in car ignition. 90021 90032 90002 It can get a little hairy if you can not use one of the methods above to get the key to the accessory position. If the key will not turn in the ignition, period, you might have to take the steering column apart and this will cease being a simple solution. 90004 90015 7. Call a Locksmith 90016 90002 When you start out by saying, «my key will not turn in the ignition,» you might end up saying, «I need a locksmith».A locksmith can help with any issue where a key will not turn in the ignition of a car. If you are worried about how much a locksmith costs, know that it should be more reasonable than other avenues of professional help. There are three main reasons your ignition key will not turn, and we will get into how a locksmith can help. 90004 90146 My Key Will not Turn In the Ignition Because of the Steering Wheel Lock 90147 90002 For something as simple as your steering wheel locking, it is not likely to be essential for you to contact a locksmith.It would behoove you to be very patient with performing the process described in the first section of this article (90149 Turn the Steering Wheel 90150). 90004 90002 If you have a new car, it is unlikely that the key or ignition has worn out. But if there is some evidence of a break-in, the reason your ignition key will not turn might not be something as simple as the steering wheel locking. In this case, if you can not unlock your steering wheel and do not know why your key will not turn in the ignition, this is when you should call a locksmith.90004 90146 My Key Will not Turn In the Ignition Because of the Key 90147 90002 When there is something wrong with your car key, a locksmith is often the best option for solving the issue. Unless you have a spare key, avenues such as a hardware store are not going to be able to provide you with a duplicate once the key is already broken. 90004 90002 A locksmith will have key cutters and blanks for every type of car. If the key is worn or broken, there is no issue, as a new key can be cut from code.Where the dealership might rake you over the coals, in terms of price, a locksmith can deliver all the services you need at a more competitive rate. 90004 90146 My Key Will not Turn In the Ignition Because of the Ignition Cylinder 90147 90002 Ignition cylinder issues are some of the most difficult to detect and fix, and it is often overlooked when people are trying to figure out why their car will not start or why their key will not turn in the car ignition. Though it is possible to do this work yourself, a locksmith can solve any complications that rear their head.90004 90002 Replacing the ignition cylinder can get rather complicated in this specific case, where you can not turn the key in the ignition. Taking the steering wheel covers off, or manipulating the key as needed can create many opportunities to damage your automobile further. When your car key will not turn in the ignition, do not let that lead to needing a mechanic and a whole lot of money. Turn to a locksmith before things get out of hand. 90004 90146 Closing Thoughts 90147 90002 90169 90004 90002 Diagnosing the reason your car key will not turn in the ignition is the best way to begin the process of fixing the issue.If you can not determine the problem your car is having, it is best to contact the professionals. Calling a locksmith is always a simple answer, but the rest of these simple solutions can get complicated depending on your skills and situation. Take care to contact a more seasoned technician before things move from a complicated fix to an expensive fix. 90004 90002 Category: Automotive, Car Keys, How To’s 90004 90175 .90000 4 Causes of a Car Engine That Cranks But Will not Start (and How to Fix) 90001 90002 Updated 90003 November 21, 2019 90004 90005 90002 Anyone who owns a vehicle has likely experienced the frustrating problem of a car that cranks but doesn ‘ t start, even after repeatedly turning the key in the ignition. However, do not let desperation keep you from logically figuring out why your vehicle cranks but will not start normally. 90005 90002 90009 Looking for a good online repair manual? 90010 Click Here for 5 of the most popular options.90005 90012 Reasons a Car Cranks But Will not Turn Over 90013 90002 Cranking the car is engaging the starter to energize the engine. The starter causes the flywheel to turn which rotates the crankshaft when all is working correctly. Sometimes this process is interrupted when there is a hitch in the system, and the car engine will not continue to run after it «turns over» or cranks. 90005 90002 For the engine to start normally, it requires sufficient fuel pressure, an appropriately timed spark and normal compression.When it does not start, the problem usually lies with one of these systems though the starter system can also be the culprit. Below are some common causes of an engine that cranks but does not start and some troubleshooting tips to identify the cause. 90005 90018 # 1 — Spark Problems 90019 90002 90021 90021 90005 90002 Lack of spark may occur due to a damaged ignition module, a faulty crank position sensor, a flooded engine (sometimes happens in older or high-mileage cars), bad spark plugs, or a problem in the ignition circuit, such as the wiring, security system (the fuel flow may have been shut off to prevent theft or the chip in the key could be faulty), or a malfunctioning ignition switch.90005 90002 An inappropriately timed spark can occur if there’s an issue with the timing system. This can be difficult to diagnose, but a timing light is a useful tool to check that all the cylinders are firing exactly when they are supposed to. 90005 90002 To determine if there is a problem with the spark, visually check the distributor cap (if your vehicle has one) and the spark plug wires, as these may degrade with age. A spark tester should be used to check for a proper arc from each spark plug wire or coil.90005 90002 If you suspect the engine may be flooded after repeated attempts to start the car, remove the spark plugs and let them dry, then replace them and try again. 90005 90018 # 2 — Lack of Fuel Flow 90019 90002 90035 90035 90005 90002 Problems with fuel flow may be due to a damaged fuse for the fuel pump, a bad fuel pump, contaminated or incorrect fuel in the tank, a faulty or clogged fuel filter or injector, or simply an empty fuel tank (the fuel gauge is not always accurate). 90005 90002 Having the appropriate fuel pressure is important for your car engine to start or run, especially for fuel-injected engines.Listen to hear the fuel pump buzz for a few seconds as you turn the ignition to the «on» position. 90005 90002 If no buzz is heard from inside the car or back by the fuel tank, the pump may be dead and fuel is not reaching the engine at all. 90005 90002 Note that some fuel pumps only flow while the car is cranking so some cars do not have an audible buzz. Consult the internet or your owner’s manual for more information for your specific model. 90005 90002 If you do hear the buzz of the fuel pump, you can try putting a flathead screwdriver on top of each injector (with the handle next to your ear) while the car is cranking.If the injectors are firing, you will hear a faint ticking sound from each injector, transmitted by the shaft of the screwdriver. 90005 90002 Some cars have a safety feature called an inertia switch which shuts off the flow of fuel automatically after an impact. If your vehicle recently sustained an impact, check your owner’s manual to see if this feature is present in your vehicle and learn how to manually switch it to allow fuel to flow again. 90005 90018 # 3 — Low compression 90019 90002 90053 90053 90005 90002 Each cylinder needs compression for correct engine function.The compression ratio compares the maximum cylinder volume to the minimum cylinder volume during each stroke of the piston. If one or more cylinders have low compression, air from the combustion cycle leaks past the piston rings which limits the amount of work that cylinder can do to spin the crankshaft. 90005 90002 Compression problems can be caused by a broken or loose timing belt or chain or a snapped overhead camshaft. An overheated engine is another severe problem that can prevent your car from starting.90005 90002 Try using a compression gauge or tester to see if you have a problem with the compression in your car. If so, a leak down test is a secondary test to check for leaks in the cylinder. A professional mechanic can perform these tests and examine the cylinders if you do not feel comfortable checking yourself. 90005 90018 # 4 — Power Supply Problems 90019 90002 90065 90065 90005 90002 Another possible problem is a weak starter motor that uses a lot of amps to crank the engine, then does not have much juice left to switch on the fuel injectors and ignition system .In this case, you will probably notice that the starter makes an unusual noise when you attempt to crank the engine or it does not turn over at all. 90005 90002 Weak or corroded battery cables or a dying battery can contribute to the problem as well. Check the voltage of the battery with a multimeter while cranking the engine. It should show over 10 volts. 90005 90002 Check for blown fuses by visually removing and inspecting the wiring of each fuse when the car is shut off. If they appear to be in good condition, put them back in then try turning the car ignition into the «on» position and using a test light to check each fuse for electrical current flow.Replace any damaged fuses with new ones from an auto supply store. 90005 90012 Troubleshooting Advice 90013 90002 90077 90077 90005 90002 If the engine cranks but will not start, turn the car off and remove the air inlet tube attached to the throttle body. Then spray a small quantity of starting fluid into the engine after gently pushing the throttle open. With that done, try cranking the engine once again. 90005 90002 If the engine starts but dies after a few seconds, this means that it has no fuel but the spark and compression are okay.However, if the engine does not start, it almost certainly lacks spark. 90005 90002 Avoid repeatedly cranking the car engine to try to make it start, as this can wear out the starter or drain the battery. 90005 90002 If you must try multiple times, wait several minutes for every 15 seconds of cranking performed to allow the starter to cool down. It should not take more than a couple seconds per attempt to know if you’ve resolved the issue. 90005 90002 Checking sensors and actuators for problems is critical, as modern cars have a variety of electrical components that can cause failure in the engine starting process.90005 90002 The best way to do this is to check the car computer for codes (faults in the electrical system) with a scan tool that can be found at most auto supply stores. Most of these problems will also cause the check engine light to illuminate, but not all of them. 90005.